Author
H.D. PARK
Table of Contents
When you first arrive in South Korea, you might notice people bowing in many everyday situations — when greeting someone, saying goodbye, expressing gratitude, the list goes on. This may seem unfamiliar to many international visitors, but in Korea, bowing is deeply rooted in cultural norms and traditions. Understanding this practice can help you better connect with locals and show respect for Korean customs.
In Korea, bowing is more than just a greeting. It’s a physical expression of politeness, hierarchy, and social awareness. The depth and style of a bow can communicate subtle nuances — whether you’re offering a casual “hello” to a friend or showing deep respect to an elder. This ritual reflects Korea’s Confucian heritage, where social harmony, respect for elders, and humility are core values.
Bowing is also part of Korea’s non-verbal language, making it an important social cue. Even if you’re not fluent in Korean, a well-timed bow can go a long way in making a good impression. For travelers who want to engage respectfully with locals, learning how and when to bow is a valuable cultural insight.
When Do Koreans Bow?
Koreans bow in a variety of contexts, and the meaning can change depending on the situation. A shallow bow is often used for casual greetings or quick thank-yous. A deeper bow is reserved for formal settings, elders, and important occasions. You’ll see bowing at weddings, funerals, during Seollal (Lunar New Year), and business meetings. It’s also common when entering or leaving a store, receiving something with two hands, or meeting someone for the first time.
In more formal situations, the bow may be accompanied by a polite phrase like “Annyeong haseyo” (Hello) or “Gamsahamnida” (Thank you). The bow can even replace spoken words, especially in solemn settings like memorials or traditional ceremonies.
While younger Koreans are becoming more casual and sometimes use a nod or handshake, bowing is still expected in most respectful interactions — especially with older people.
How to Bow Properly in Korea
The basics of bowing in Korea are straightforward: stand straight, lower your gaze, and bend from your waist — not just your neck. The depth of the bow depends on the situation: about 15 degrees for casual greetings, 30 degrees for formal occasions, and even deeper for solemn respect, such as at funerals.
It’s also important to consider who you’re bowing to. The younger person typically bows first to show respect to someone older or higher in status. In business settings, you might see multiple bows — a deeper first bow followed by smaller ones, depending on the content of the conversation.
When receiving or giving something, especially to someone older or in a formal situation, it’s polite to bow slightly and use both hands. This gesture adds to the respect being conveyed.
Why Bowing Reflects Korean Values
Bowing isn’t just about etiquette — it reflects the core values of Korean society. At the heart of it is Confucianism, a philosophy that deeply influenced Korea’s social structure. Respect for hierarchy, age, and family roles is embedded in everyday life. Bowing helps reinforce this structure by offering a visual display of humility and deference.
In schools, children bow to teachers. At work, employees bow to managers. During holidays, entire families bow to elders as a way of honoring their lineage. Even in romantic relationships, the gesture may be used to apologize or show sincerity. In this way, bowing acts as a softener for social interactions.
What Should Visitors Do?
As a foreigner in Korea, no one expects you to be perfect in your etiquette — but making an effort is always appreciated. Even a small bow or nod can make a difference in how you’re received. It shows that you respect Korean traditions and are willing to engage thoughtfully with the culture.
When in doubt, observe what locals do. If someone bows to you, it’s polite to bow in return. If you’re visiting a temple, attending a formal event, or meeting someone older, err on the side of formality. On the other hand, in casual encounters — like ordering coffee or shopping — a light nod is enough.
In addition to bowing, pay attention to other related customs like removing shoes before entering a home, using two hands to give and receive items, and addressing elders with proper titles. All these gestures, combined with a respectful bow, will enrich your travel experience.
Key Takeaways: Why Do Koreans Bow?
- Korean bowing reflects social values such as respect, humility, and hierarchy, rooted in Confucianism.
- Different bows are used for casual greetings, formal occasions, and solemn ceremonies.
- The depth of the bow conveys the level of respect, ranging from 15° for casual to over 45° for deep reverence.
- Visitors should return bows when greeted and aim to use two hands when offering or receiving items.
- In formal settings, like meeting elders or visiting temples, a deeper bow shows cultural awareness and respect.
